Print Email Facebook Twitter Effects of platooning on signal-detection performance, workload, and stress Title Effects of platooning on signal-detection performance, workload, and stress: A driving simulator study Author Heikoop, D.D. (University of Southampton) de Winter, J.C.F. (TU Delft Biomechatronics & Human-Machine Control) van Arem, B. (TU Delft Transport and Planning) Stanton, N.A. (University of Southampton) Department Transport and Planning Date 2017 Abstract Platooning, whereby automated vehicles travel closely together in a group, is attractive in terms of safety and efficiency. However, concerns exist about the psychological state of the platooning driver, who is exempted from direct control, yet remains responsible for monitoring the outside environment to detect potential threats. By means of a driving simulator experiment, we investigated the effects on recorded and self-reported measures of workload and stress for three task-instruction conditions: (1) No Task, in which participants had to monitor the road, (2) Voluntary Task, in which participants could do whatever they wanted, and (3) Detection Task, in which participants had to detect red cars. Twenty-two participants performed three 40-min runs in a constant-speed platoon, one condition per run in counterbalanced order. Contrary to some classic literature suggesting that humans are poor monitors, in the Detection Task condition participants attained a high mean detection rate (94.7%) and a low mean false alarm rate (0.8%). Results of the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire indicated that automated platooning was less distressing in the Voluntary Task than in the Detection Task and No Task conditions. In terms of heart rate variability, the Voluntary Task condition yielded a lower power in the low-frequency range relative to the high-frequency range (LF/HF ratio) than the Detection Task condition. Moreover, a strong time-on-task effect was found, whereby the mean heart rate dropped from the first to the third run. In conclusion, participants are able to remain attentive for a prolonged platooning drive, and the type of monitoring task has effects on the driver's psychological state. Subject PsychophysiologyAutomated drivingVigilanceMonitoringSupervisory controlOut-of-the-loop To reference this document use: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0bfb9d27-f8ac-4b68-b246-7f2e09a6bb69 DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2016.10.016 Embargo date 2017-05-22 ISSN 0003-6870 Source Applied Ergonomics: human factors in technology and society, 60, 116-127 Bibliographical note Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public. Part of collection Institutional Repository Document type journal article Rights © 2017 D.D. Heikoop, J.C.F. de Winter, B. van Arem, N.A. Stanton Files PDF 1_s2.0_S0003687016302411_main.pdf 1.36 MB Close viewer /islandora/object/uuid:0bfb9d27-f8ac-4b68-b246-7f2e09a6bb69/datastream/OBJ/view