Print Email Facebook Twitter Modelling the impact of sanitation, population growth and urbanization on human emissions of cryptosporidium to surface waters: A case study for Bangladesh and India Title Modelling the impact of sanitation, population growth and urbanization on human emissions of cryptosporidium to surface waters: A case study for Bangladesh and India Author Vermeulen, L.C. Kraker, J. Hofstra, N. Kroeze, C. Medema, G. Faculty Civil Engineering and Geosciences Department Water Management Date 2015-09-11 Abstract Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that can cause diarrhoea. Human faeces are an important source of Cryptosporidium in surface waters. We present a model to study the impact of sanitation, urbanization and population growth on human emissions of Cryptosporidium to surface waters. We build on a global model by Hofstra et al (2013 Sci. Total Environ. 442 10–9) and zoom into Bangladesh and India as illustrative case studies. The model is most sensitive to changes in oocyst excretion and infection rate, and to assumptions on the share of faeces reaching the surface water for different sanitation types. We find urban centres to be hotspots of human Cryptosporidium emissions. We estimate that 53% (Bangladesh) and 91% (India) of total emissions come from urban areas. 50% of oocysts come from only 8% (Bangladesh) and 3% (India) of the country area. In the future, population growth and urbanization may further deteriorate water quality in Bangladesh and India, despite improved sanitation. Under our 'business as usual' ('sanitation improvements') scenario, oocyst emissions will increase by a factor 2.0 (1.2) for India and 2.9 (1.1) for Bangladesh between 2010 and 2050. Population growth, urbanization and sanitation development are important processes to consider for large scale water quality modelling. Subject water pollutionwater qualitymodelCryptosporidiumscenario analysissensitivity analysis To reference this document use: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:17920617-5391-41d3-bf28-d64753c87202 Publisher 1748-9326 ISSN 1748-9326 Source https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/9/094017 Source Environmental Research Letters, 10 (9), 2015 Part of collection Institutional Repository Document type journal article Rights © 2015 IOP PublishingCreative Commons BY Files PDF 320672.pdf 1.56 MB Close viewer /islandora/object/uuid:17920617-5391-41d3-bf28-d64753c87202/datastream/OBJ/view