Water Injectivity Prediction: Experiments and Modeling

Decline in injectivity due to suspended solids in injected water is a wide spread phenomenon in water injection projects. Reliable prediction of injectivity through experiments and modeling is very essential under such circumstances. A model for predicting the injectivity during internal filtration taking into account particle dispersion, retention kinetics, nonlinear filtration, permeability reduction and viscosity functions was proposed. Subsequently, the analytical model for external filtration was coupled with the numerical model for internal filtration using the concept of transition time to predict the overall decline in injectivity. Core flood experiments using hematite suspensions for various particle concentrations (1-5 ppm) were conducted in Bentheim sandstone cores to quantify the injectivity. Simultaneously, X-ray CT scanning was performed under dynamic conditions to obtain deposition profiles along the core at different times. From microscopic analyses and visual observations, it was found that surface deposition in the porous medium and face plugging at the inlet of the core were responsible for decline in injectivity. A good agreement was obtained between the modeled and experimental results showing the validity of the retention function. Further, the effect of various parameters (particle concentration, number of grids etc.) on injectivity was investigated. Finally, the results from the study help the operators in planning and design of water management strategy for improved oil recovery projects.

Subject

Injectivity
Formation Damage
Hematite
Numerical Model
Nonlinear Filtration Function

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master thesis

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