Print Email Facebook Twitter An assessment of smartphone and low-cost multi-GNSS single-frequency RTK positioning for low, medium and high ionospheric disturbance periods Title An assessment of smartphone and low-cost multi-GNSS single-frequency RTK positioning for low, medium and high ionospheric disturbance periods Author Odolinski, Robert (University of Otago) Teunissen, P.J.G. (TU Delft Mathematical Geodesy and Positioning; Curtin University) Date 2018-08-28 Abstract The emerging GNSSs make single-frequency (SF) RTK positioning possible. In this contribution two different types of low-cost (few hundred USDs) RTK receivers are analyzed, which can track L1 GPS, B1 BDS, E1 Galileo and L1 QZSS, or any combinations thereof, for a location in Dunedin, New Zealand. These SF RTK receivers can potentially give competitive ambiguity resolution and positioning performance to that of more expensive (thousands USDs) dual-frequency (DF) GPS receivers. A smartphone implementation of one of these SF receiver types is also evaluated. The least-squares variance component estimation (LS-VCE) procedure is first used to formulate a realistic stochastic model, which assures that our receivers at hand can achieve the best possible ambiguity resolution and RTK positioning performance. The best performing low-cost SF RTK receiver types are then assessed against DF GPS receivers and survey-grade antennas. Real data with ionospheric disturbances at low, medium and high levels are analyzed, while making use of the ionosphere-weighted model. It will be demonstrated that when the presence of the residual ionospheric delays increases, instantaneous RTK positioning is not possible for any of the receivers, and a multi-epoch model is necessary to use. It is finally shown that the low-cost SF RTK performance can remain competitive to that of more expensive DF GPS receivers even when the ionospheric disturbance level reaches a Kp-index of 7−, i.e. for a strong geomagnetic storm, for the baseline at hand. Subject B1 BDSE1 GalileoIonosphere-weighted modelsKp-indexL1 GPSL1 QZSSLow-cost RTK receiverMulti-GNSSSmartphone RTK To reference this document use: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:548ce899-ebb4-4327-86b0-8879b2d0c35b DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-018-1192-5 ISSN 0949-7714 Source Journal of Geodesy, 93 (2019), 701–722 Part of collection Institutional Repository Document type journal article Rights © 2018 Robert Odolinski, P.J.G. Teunissen Files PDF 10.1007_s00190_018_1192_5.pdf 7.18 MB Close viewer /islandora/object/uuid:548ce899-ebb4-4327-86b0-8879b2d0c35b/datastream/OBJ/view