Print Email Facebook Twitter Integrating different levels of automation Title Integrating different levels of automation: Lessons from winning the Amazon Robotics Challenge 2016 Author Hernández, Carlos (TU Delft Robot Dynamics) Bharatheesha, M. (TU Delft Robot Dynamics) van Egmond, J.A. (TU Delft Robot Dynamics) Ju, J. (IBM Research) Wisse, M. (TU Delft Robot Dynamics) Date 2018 Abstract This article describes Team Delft's robot winning the Amazon Robotics Challenge 2016. The competition involves automating pick and place operations in semi-structured environments, specifically the shelves in an Amazon warehouse.Team Delft's entry demonstrated that current robot technology can already address most of the challenges in product handling: object recognition, grasping, motion, or task planning; under broad yet bounded conditions. The system combines an industrial robot arm, 3D cameras and a custom gripper. The robot's software is based on the Robot Operating System to implement solutions based on deep learning and other state-of-the-art artificial intelligence techniques, and to integrate them with off-the-shelf components.From the experience developing the robotic system it was concluded that: 1) the specific task conditions should guide the selection of the solution for each capability required, 2) understanding the characteristics of the individual solutions and the assumptions they embed is critical to integrate a performing system from them, and 3) this characterization can be based on `levels of robot automation'. This paper proposes automation levels based on the usage of information atdesign or runtime to drive the robot's behaviour, and uses them to discuss Team Delft's design solution and the lessons learned from this robot development experience. To reference this document use: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7b390715-54d2-4d73-b961-5a806eeceeac DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2018.2800744 ISSN 1551-3203 Source IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 14 (11), 4916-4926 Part of collection Institutional Repository Document type journal article Rights © 2018 Carlos Hernández, M. Bharatheesha, J.A. van Egmond, J. Ju, M. Wisse Files PDF 08304784_2.pdf 1.35 MB Close viewer /islandora/object/uuid:7b390715-54d2-4d73-b961-5a806eeceeac/datastream/OBJ/view