Print Email Facebook Twitter Sixty years of research on ship rudders Title Sixty years of research on ship rudders: Effects of design choices on rudder performance Author Liu, J. (TU Delft Ship Design, Production and Operations) Hekkenberg, R.G. (TU Delft Ship Design, Production and Operations) Date 2017 Abstract Rudders are primary steering devices for merchant ships. The main purpose of using rudders is to generate forces for course keeping and manoeuvring. In exceptional cases, rudders are also used for emergency stopping and roll stabilisation. Furthermore, rudders affect propeller thrust efficiency and total ship resistance. Therefore, rudders are important to navigation safety and transport efficiency. The performance of rudders depends on the rudder hydrodynamic characteristics, which are affected by the design choices. Scholarly articles concerning the design of rudders date back more than 60 years. Moreover, a lot of knowledge fragments of rudders exist in literature where ship manoeuvrability and fuel consumption are discussed. It is worthwhile to gather this information not only for researchers to advance the state-of-the-art development but also for designers to make proper choices. To have a contemporary vision of the rudders, this paper presents a consolidated review of design impacts on rudder performance in ship manoeuvrability, fuel consumption, and cavitation. The discussed design choices are rudder working conditions (Reynolds numbers and angles of attack), profiles (sectional shapes), properties (area, thickness, span, chord, and rudder aspect ratios), types (the position of the stock and the structural rudder–hull connection), and interactions (among the hull, the propeller, and the rudder). Further research is suggested on high-lift rudder profiles, multiple-rudder configurations and interactions among the hull, the propeller, and the rudder. Recommendations for industry practices in the selection of the rudder design choices are also given. Subject hull–propeller–rudder interactionsrudder performancerudder profilesrudder propertiesrudder typesship manoeuvrability To reference this document use: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:93444665-598d-4b69-9548-02adb10d1dea DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2016.1178205 Embargo date 2017-09-29 ISSN 1744-5302 Source Ships and Offshore Structures, 12 (4), 495 - 512 Bibliographical note Accepted Author Manuscript Part of collection Institutional Repository Document type journal article Rights © 2017 J. Liu, R.G. Hekkenberg Files PDF Sixty_years_of_research_o ... udders.pdf 1.11 MB Close viewer /islandora/object/uuid:93444665-598d-4b69-9548-02adb10d1dea/datastream/OBJ/view