Print Email Facebook Twitter Bacterial growth and motility in sub-micron constrictions Title Bacterial growth and motility in sub-micron constrictions Author Männik, J. Driessen, R. Galajda, P. Keymer, J.E. Dekker, C. Faculty Applied Sciences Department Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft Date 2009-08-17 Abstract In many naturally occurring habitats, bacteria live in micrometer-size confined spaces. Although bacterial growth and motility in such constrictions is of great interest to fields as varied as soil microbiology, water purification, and biomedical research, quantitative studies of the effects of confinement on bacteria have been limited. Here, we establish how Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis bacteria can grow, move, and penetrate very narrow constrictions with a size comparable to or even smaller than their diameter. We show that peritrichously flagellated E. coli and B. subtilis are still motile in microfabricated channels where the width of the channel exceeds their diameters only marginally (?30%). For smaller widths, the motility vanishes but bacteria can still pass through these channels by growth and division. We observe E. coli, but not B. subtilis, to penetrate channels with a width that is smaller than their diameter by a factor of approximately 2. Within these channels, bacteria are considerably squeezed but they still grow and divide. After exiting the channels, E. coli bacteria obtain a variety of anomalous cell shapes. Our results reveal that sub-micron size pores and cavities are unexpectedly prolific bacterial habitats where bacteria exhibit morphological adaptations. Subject OA-Fund TU Delft To reference this document use: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a62960ed-4f24-44a1-b528-3cd148c90a47 Publisher PNAS Source PNAS 2009 106:14861-14866 Part of collection Institutional Repository Document type journal article Rights Freely available online through the PNAS open access option Files PDF PNAS.full.pdf 1.04 MB Close viewer /islandora/object/uuid:a62960ed-4f24-44a1-b528-3cd148c90a47/datastream/OBJ/view