An analysis of braking measures

An analysis of braking measures

De Groot, S.
De Winter, J.C.F.
Wieringa, P.A.
Mulder, M.

Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering

BioMechanical Engineering

2010-05-29

Braking to a full stop at a prescribed target position is a driving manoeuvre regularly used in experiments to investigate driving behaviour or to test vehicle acceleration feedback systems in simulators. Many different performance measures have been reported in the literature for analysing braking. These may or may not be useful to analyse the stopping manoeuvre, because a number of potential problems exist: 1) the scores on a measure may be insufficiently reliable, 2) the measure may be invalid, or 3) the measure may be strongly intercorrelated. A simulation and empirical study were conducted to analyse various measures. From the simulation study it was concluded that 1) An R2 measure based on the speed vs time relationship can be used to measure deviations from a constant deceleration, 2) minimum time-to-collision is sensitive to target position offsets, and 3) mean TTC-dot can capture braking behaviour characteristics but the required definition of a begin and end sample-point for its calculation is a disadvantage. The empirical study calculated a set of measures using data of 60 participants driving a simulation-based session of 10 stops. It is concluded that reliable and valid measures for a braking experiment are provided by the speed and distance to the target position at braking onset, the stopping position with respect to the target and the R2 measure to measure deviations from a constant deceleration. Recommended additional measures are: The mean speed of the complete braking manoeuvre, stopping position consistency, maximum deceleration and onset jerk.

http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a8904771-a428-4460-9c7f-2fcc98713823

Proceedings Driving Simulation Conference 2009, Monaco

Institutional Repository

conference paper

(c) 2010 De Groot, S.; De Winter, J.C.F.; Wieringa, P.A.; Mulder, M.