Print Email Facebook Twitter Generating 3D city models without elevation data Title Generating 3D city models without elevation data Author Biljecki, F. (TU Delft Urban Data Science) Ledoux, H. (TU Delft Urban Data Science) Stoter, J.E. (TU Delft Urban Data Science) Date 2017-07 Abstract Elevation datasets (e.g. point clouds) are an essential but often unavailable ingredient for the construction of 3D city models. We investigate in this paper to what extent can 3D city models be generated solely from 2D data without elevation measurements. We show that it is possible to predict the height of buildings from 2D data (their footprints and attributes available in volunteered geoinformation and cadastre), and then extrude their footprints to obtain 3D models suitable for a multitude of applications. The predictions have been carried out with machine learning techniques (random forests) using 10 different attributes and their combinations, which mirror different scenarios of completeness of real-world data. Some of the scenarios resulted in surprisingly good performance (given the circumstances): we have achieved a mean absolute error of 0.8m in the inferred heights, which satisfies the accuracy recommendations of CityGML for LOD1 models and the needs of several GIS analyses. We show that our method can be used in practice to generate 3D city models where there are no elevation data, and to supplement existing datasets with 3D models of newly constructed buildings to facilitate rapid update and maintenance of data. Subject 3D city models; GIS; Building height; Lidar; Urban models; Urban morphology; Random forest; CityGML; LOD1GISBuilding heightLidarUrban modelsUrban morphologyRandom forestCityGMLLOD1 To reference this document use: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b4095b0b-b267-410a-add7-fd87d5d6ca8f DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2017.01.001 Embargo date 2019-07-01 ISSN 0198-9715 Source Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 64, 1-18 Part of collection Institutional Repository Document type journal article Rights © 2017 F. Biljecki, H. Ledoux, J.E. Stoter Files PDF 2017_ceus_inferring_heights.pdf 14.14 MB Close viewer /islandora/object/uuid:b4095b0b-b267-410a-add7-fd87d5d6ca8f/datastream/OBJ/view