Secondary electron emission materials for transmission dynodes in novel photomultipliers

Title

Secondary electron emission materials for transmission dynodes in novel photomultipliers: A review

 Author

Tao, Shu Xia (Eindhoven University of Technology; Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research)
Chan, H.W. (TU Delft Electronic Components, Technology and Materials; Nikhef)
van der Graaf, H. (TU Delft RST/Neutron and Positron Methods in Materials; Nikhef) ORCID 0000-0003-2833-8647

 Date

2016-12-16

 Abstract

Secondary electron emission materials are reviewed with the aim of providing guidelines for the future development of novel transmission dynodes. Materials with reflection secondary electron yield higher than three and transmission secondary electron yield higher than one are tabulated for easy reference. Generations of transmission dynodes are listed in the order of the invention time with a special focus on the most recent atomic-layer-deposition synthesized transmission dynodes. Based on the knowledge gained from the survey of secondary election emission materials with high secondary electron yield, an outlook of possible improvements upon the state-of-the-art transmission dynodes is provided.


 Subject

Atomic layer deposition
Photomultiplier
Photon detector
Secondary electron emission
Secondary electron yield
Transmission dynode

 To reference this document use:

http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ded9ce38-b81f-4636-8f6e-45e733c8cd03

 DOI

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9121017

 ISSN

1996-1944

 Source

Materials, 9 (12), 1-18

 Part of collection

Institutional Repository

 Document type

journal article

 Rights

© 2016 Shu Xia Tao, H.W. Chan, H. van der Graaf
Files
PDF materials_09_01017.pdf 1.58 MB
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