Fuel cell electric vehicle-to-grid

Fuel cell electric vehicle-to-grid: Experimental feasibility and operational performance as balancing power plant

Oldenbroek, V.D.W.M. (TU Delft Energy Technology)
Hamoen, V.C.S. (Student TU Delft)
Alva, S. (Student TU Delft)
Robledo, C.B. (TU Delft Energy Technology)
Verhoef, L.A. (TU Delft GreenTU)
van Wijk, A.J.M. (TU Delft Energy Technology)

2018

The world's future energy supply will include intermittent renewable sources, such as solar and wind power. To guarantee reliability of supply, fast-reacting, dispatchable and renewable back-up power plants are required. One promising alternative is parked and grid-connected hydrogen-powered fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) in "Vehicle-to-Grid" systems. We modified a commercial FCEV and installed an external 9.5 kW three-phase alternating current (AC) grid connection. Our experimental verification of this set-up shows that FCEVs can be used for mobility as well as generating power when parked. Our experimental results demonstrate that present-day grid-connected FCEVs can respond to high load gradients in the range of -760 % s^-1 to + 730 % s^-1, due to the parallel connection of the high voltage battery and the fuel cell stack. Virtual power plants composed of multiple grid-connected FCEVs could perform higher power gradients than existing fast-reacting thermal power plants with typical power gradients of 1.67 % s^-1. Hydrogen consumption in 9.5 kW AC grid-connected mode was 0.55 kg h^-1, resulting in a Tank-To-Grid-AC efficiency of 43% on a higher heating value basis (51 % on a lower heating value basis). Direct current to alternating current efficiency was 95 %.

Balancing Power Plant, Efficiency
Electrical Energy Services
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV)
Hydrogen
PEM Fuel Cell System
Spinning Reserve
Tank-To-Grid (TTG)
Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G)

http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e82c5190-5a89-47d6-b269-e86b4c53d7c6

https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.201700192

2019-01-04

1615-6846

Fuel Cells: from fundamentals to systems, 18 (5), 649-662

Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.

Institutional Repository

journal article

© 2018 V.D.W.M. Oldenbroek, V.C.S. Hamoen, S. Alva, C.B. Robledo, L.A. Verhoef, A.J.M. van Wijk