Print Email Facebook Twitter Comparison of fundamental, second harmonic, and superharmonic imaging: A simulation study Title Comparison of fundamental, second harmonic, and superharmonic imaging: A simulation study Author Van Neer, P.L.M.J. Danilouchkine, M.G. Verweij, M.D. Demi, L. Voormolen, M.M. Van der Steen, A.F.W. De Jong, N. Faculty Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science Date 2011-11-30 Abstract In medical ultrasound, fundamental imaging (FI) uses the reflected echoes from the same spectral band as that of the emitted pulse. The transmission frequency determines the trade-off between penetration depth and spatial resolution. Tissue harmonic imaging (THI) employs the second harmonic of the emitted frequency band to construct images. Recently, superharmonic imaging (SHI) has been introduced, which uses the third to the fifth (super) harmonics. The harmonic level is determined by two competing phenomena: nonlinear propagation and frequency dependent attenuation. Thus, the transmission frequency yielding the optimal trade-off between the spatial resolution and the penetration depth differs for THI and SHI. This paper quantitatively compares the concepts of fundamental, second harmonic, and superharmonic echocardiography at their optimal transmission frequencies. Forward propagation is modeled using a 3D-KZK implementation and the iterative nonlinear contrast source (INCS) method. Backpropagation is assumed to be linear. Results show that the fundamental lateral beamwidth is the narrowest at focus, while the superharmonic one is narrower outside the focus. The lateral superharmonic roll-off exceeds the fundamental and second harmonic roll-off. Also, the axial resolution of SHI exceeds that of FI and THI. The far-field pulse-echo superharmonic pressure is lower than that of the fundamental and second harmonic. SHI appears suited for echocardiography and is expected to improve its image quality at the cost of a slight reduction in depth-of-field. Subject acoustic imagingacoustic wave absorptionacoustic wave propagationacoustic wave reflectionacoustic wave transmissionbackpropagationbiological tissuescellular biophysicsechocardiographyimage resolutioniterative methodsnonlinear acoustics To reference this document use: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ec4dc17e-292c-4b09-818a-3554dbb6ff10 DOI https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3643815 Publisher Acoustical Society of America Embargo date 2012-05-30 ISSN 0001-4966 Source Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 130 (5), 2011 Part of collection Institutional Repository Document type journal article Rights © 2011 The Author(s)Acoustical Society of America Files PDF Verweij.pdf 977.02 KB Close viewer /islandora/object/uuid:ec4dc17e-292c-4b09-818a-3554dbb6ff10/datastream/OBJ/view