Cellular automata based S-boxes

Cellular automata based S-boxes

Mariot, Luca (University of Milano-Bicocca)
Picek, S. (TU Delft Cyber Security; Université Paris 13)
Leporati, Alberto (University of Milano-Bicocca)
Jakobovic, Domagoj (University of Zagreb)

2019

Cellular Automata (CA) represent an interesting approach to design Substitution
Boxes (S-boxes) having good cryptographic properties and low implementation costs. From the cryptographic perspective, up to now there have been only ad-hoc studies about specific kinds of CA, the best known example being the χ nonlinear transformation used in Keccak. In this paper, we undertake a systematic investigation of the cryptographic properties of S-boxes defined by CA, proving some upper bounds on their nonlinearity and differential
uniformity. Next, we extend some previous published results about the construction of CAbased S-boxes by means of a heuristic technique, namely Genetic Programming (GP). In particular, we propose a “reverse engineering” method based on De Bruijn graphs to determine whether a specific S-box is expressible through a single CA rule. Then, we use GP to assess if some CA-based S-box with optimal cryptographic properties can be described
by a smaller CA. The results show that GP is able to find much smaller CA rules defining the same reference S-boxes up to the size 7 × 7, suggesting that our method could be used to find more efficient representations of CA-based S-boxes for hardware implementations. Finally, we classify up to affine equivalence all 3 × 3 and 4 × 4 CA-based S-boxes.

Cellular automata
S-box
Cryptographic properties
Heuristics

http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:63b7d784-b38b-4b5b-9a15-22e2ae577db3

https://doi.org/10.1007/s12095-018-0311-8

1936-2447

Cryptography and Communications, 11 (1), 41-62

Special Issue on Boolean Functions and Their Applications Accepted author manuscript

Institutional Repository

journal article

© 2019 Luca Mariot, S. Picek, Alberto Leporati, Domagoj Jakobovic