Dynamic Incremental Learning for real-time disturbance event classification

Veerakumar, Nidarshan; Cremer, Jochen; Popov, M.

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2023.108988

Dynamic Incremental Learning for real-time disturbance event classification

Title

Dynamic Incremental Learning for real-time disturbance event classification

Author

Veerakumar, Nidarshan (TU Delft Intelligent Electrical Power Grids)
Cremer, Jochen (TU Delft Intelligent Electrical Power Grids)
Popov, M. (TU Delft Intelligent Electrical Power Grids)

Date

2023

Abstract

With recent telemetric advancements, the real-time availability of power grid measurements has opened challenging opportunities for the design of advanced protection and control schemes. Artificial neural networks (ANN) are promising approaches for detecting and classifying disturbance events from measurement data. Numerous offline ANN-based classification algorithms were proposed in the past, which increased the interest for their real-world deployment. However, these algorithms are inadequate due to their conventional offline training procedures, model updating, and large backend computing requirements. Besides, most ANN-based algorithms require disturbance event samples to be collectively available during training. This availability may be uncommon in practice as disturbance events are rare, non-deterministic, and uncertain. Hence, an online training procedure where the model processes the events on-the-fly is required. However, ANNs may also suffer from catastrophic forgetting where the model may unintentionally unlearn an occurred disturbance under the learning of new event types; this means ANN may not detect very similar disturbances of the same type in the future. In this paper, we propose Dynamic Incremental Learning (IL) method for ANN models, which is updated in real-time when a new disturbance is detected. Our proposed method adopts a Replay-based IL strategy for designing long-term IL, balancing the accuracy with catastrophic forgetting of disturbance events. The method is designed in a way to learn efficiently for incoming disturbance data with minimized training time and the highest classification accuracy eliminating catastrophic forgetting. The results describe the methodology’s performance regarding classification accuracy, training time, and storage memory. The findings demonstrate that the Dynamic IL method is promising for efficient learning and event classification.

Subject

Incremental Learning
Rehearsal IL strategies
Replay strategy
Parametric buffer
Reservoir sampling
Real-time model training
Experiences
Event classification
Hyper-parameter tuning
Catastrophic forgetting