Regeneration of NiAl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; spinel type catalysts used in the reforming of raw bio-oil

Remiro, Aingeru; Arandia, Aitor; Oar-Arteta Gonzalez, L.; Bilbao, Javier; Gayubo, Ana G.

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.06.005

Regeneration of NiAl₂O₄ spinel type catalysts used in the reforming of raw bio-oil

Title

Regeneration of NiAl₂O₄ spinel type catalysts used in the reforming of raw bio-oil

Author

Remiro, Aingeru (University of the Basque Country)
Arandia, Aitor (University of the Basque Country)
Oar-Arteta Gonzalez, L. (TU Delft ChemE/Catalysis Engineering)
Bilbao, Javier (University of the Basque Country)
Gayubo, Ana G. (University of the Basque Country)

Date

2018

Abstract

The regenerability of Ni catalysts in reforming reactions is a key factor for process viability. Accordingly, this study addresses the regeneration of two spinel NiAl₂O₄ type catalysts by reaction-regeneration cycles in the oxidative steam reforming (OSR) of raw bio-oil. The spinel type catalysts were prepared by different methods including a supported Ni/La₂O₃-αAl₂O₃ catalyst and a bulk NiAl₂O₄ catalyst. The experimental set-up consists of two units connected in series for i) the thermal treatment of bio-oil at 500 °C, in order to control the deposition of pyrolytic lignin, followed by; ii) the oxidative steam reforming (OSR) of the remaining oxygenates in a fluidized bed catalytic reactor. The conditions in the OSR reaction step were: 700 °C; oxygen/steam/carbon ratio (O/S/C), 0.34/6/1; space time, 0.75 g_catalysth/g_bio-oil (for supported catalyst) and 0.15 g_catalysth/g_bio-oil (for bulk catalyst). Three different strategies have been studied in the regeneration step by coke combustion, including the in situ regeneration inside the reactor at 650 °C and 850 °C, and the ex situ regeneration in an external oven at 850 °C, for 4 h in all the cases. The behavior of the fresh and regenerated catalysts has been explained according to their metallic properties, determined by different characterization techniques (temperature programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM)). According to these results, the combustion ex situ of the catalyst at 850 °C is able to completely regenerate the bulk catalyst, since these regeneration conditions lead to the total recovery of the NiAl₂O₄ spinel phase together with negligible loss of Ni on the surface in the catalyst. These novel results are crucial for future industrial implementation of the process.